Insulation works by trapping air particles within its structure. Since air is a poor conductor of heat, the trapped air creates a barrier that helps prevent heat transfer by conduction. This slows down the movement of heat through the material, keeping the area insulated.
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John Dalton, an English scientist, proposed the theory that atoms are the smallest particle of an element that retains its chemical properties. His work on atomic theory laid the foundation for modern chemistry.
The kinetic theory of matter explains insulation by stating that heat transfer occurs through the vibration and movement of particles. Insulation materials, such as those with low thermal conductivity, work by reducing the movement of particles, limiting the transfer of heat energy. This creates a barrier that helps to maintain desired temperatures inside buildings or around systems.
cell theory
Isaac Newton conducted experiments with light using prisms and observed how light could be separated into different colors through the process of refraction. He also proposed that light could be made up of particles rather than just waves. These experiments and ideas paved the way for the development of the wave-particle duality theory in modern physics.
The discovery resulting from the photoelectric effect was that light can behave as both a wave and a particle. This finding led to the development of the quantum theory of light, which laid the foundation for quantum mechanics.