The proces is called convection
hotspots
The Earth's lithosphere is made up of the crust and the uppermost part of the mantle. It is divided into several large and small tectonic plates that float on the semi-fluid asthenosphere below. These plates interact at plate boundaries, where geological activities like earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur.
Many minerals occur naturally on the earths surface in rock form
The mantle.
The proces is called convection
They occur at plate boundaries (Pacific rim "Ring of Fire") or at mantle hot spots (Hawaii, Iceland).
hotspots
The mantle or perhaps you are referring to the asthenosphere, the upper layer of the earth's mantle, below the lithosphere, in which there is relatively low resistance to plastic flow and convection is thought to occur.
mesosphere, asthenosphere, ionosphere
The rocks in earths mantel are made up of 44.8% oxygen, 21.5% silicon, and 22.8% magnesium. Iron, calcium, sodium, aluminum, and potassium are also present. The elements occur in rocks as oxides.
High temperature and high pressure are inferred to occur within Earth's stiffer mantle. As depth increases in the mantle, both temperature and pressure increase. This combination of high temperature and pressure allows for the solid rock to exhibit ductile behavior, resulting in the flow of solid material over long periods of time.
Convection currents in Earth's mantle occur due to the heat generated from the core, which causes the hot, less dense mantle material to rise towards the surface. As it reaches the top, it cools and becomes denser, causing it to sink back down. This continuous cycle of rising and sinking material drives the movement of tectonic plates on the surface.
Crust and Mantle.
mantle
The Earth's lithosphere is made up of the crust and the uppermost part of the mantle. It is divided into several large and small tectonic plates that float on the semi-fluid asthenosphere below. These plates interact at plate boundaries, where geological activities like earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur.
Many minerals occur naturally on the earths surface in rock form