How does RNA relate to biology?

Answer 1

During Translation, tRNA binds to the mRNA and translates it into proteins. A ribosome reads the sequence on an mRNA strand and brings a tRNA molecule together with it which then bonds to this mRNA strand and releases the amino acid attached.

Answer 2

RNA plays a critical role in Biology as it is involved in various cellular processes such as protein synthesis, gene regulation, and cell signaling. It serves as a messenger between DNA and proteins, carrying genetic information and enabling the translation of genes into functional proteins. RNA also plays a role in regulating gene expression by controlling the timing and level of protein production within cells.

Answer 3

there are different types of RNA but RNA as a whole is suited to its function:

structure:

- single stranded polynucleotide

- made of ribose (pentose sugar), phosphoric acid back bone and nitrogenous bases

suited because:

mRNA:

- single stranded allows it to bind to the 'template' DNA strand during protein synthesis to build up a corresponding strand to provide the instructions for protein synthesis

- the single nucleotides are easily put together by condensation reactions to form phosphodiester bonds so the strand can be made quickly (this is catalysed by RNA polymerase)

- it has bases that correspond to the bases of DNA (A, T, C, G but T is replaced by U in RNA) that allows it to bind to the template DNA and form a coding mRNA strand

tRNA: -'clover leaf' arrangement (bent back on itself) as a result of base pairing forming hydrogen bonds between its bases

- has an anticodon triplet of bases at one end and a 'hook' with hydroxyl projecting out at the other

- this allows the amino acid which corresponds to the anticodon of each tRNA molecule to attach to the hydroxyl 'hook' and be transported to the ribosome where it is matched up with the codon on the mRNA strand- this is how a protein is built up

-its anticodons correspond to the mRNA codons and to specific amino acids to aid protein synthesis

-both mRNA and tRNA can be used many times as they are not used up or affected by the synthesis of the protein so a lot of protein can be produced by one mRNA coding strand and a few tRNA molecules

Answer 4

Biology is the study of life. Humans would not survive without RNA.

Answer 5

Its function is the linear transmission of genetic information - its structure is also linear.