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What membrane do protons cross in the synthesis of ATP?
Protons cross the inner mitochondrial membrane during ATP synthesis in a process known as oxidative phosphorylation. This movement of protons creates a gradient that is used to drive the production of ATP by ATP synthase.
How is energy trapped by ATP?
Breaking the bonds in ATP releases the energy in the bonds. Making ATP would "trap" the energy. The difference in the ion gradient across a membrane happens during cellular respiration. The enzyme ATP synthase makes ATP. It allows protons to pass through the membrane using the kinetic energy to add P to ADP making ATP. ATP production occurs in chloroplasts and mitochondria.
What is the direct source of Energy ATP synthesis used to synthesize ATP?
Energy released from movement of protons through ATP synthase energy released from movement of protons through ATP synthase is the most direct source of energy in this case.
What does chemiosmosis provide for making ATP?
Chemiosmosis generates the proton gradient necessary for ATP synthesis by coupling the movement of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane to the phosphorylation of ADP into ATP by ATP synthase. This process uses the energy from the proton gradient to drive the rotation of the ATP synthase complex, leading to the production of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.
Why do protons accumulate outside the membrane and why is this necessary?
Protons accumulate outside the membrane as a result of electron transport in the electron transport chain during cellular respiration. This accumulation creates an electrochemical gradient that drives ATP synthesis through the enzyme ATP synthase. This process is necessary for cells to produce energy in the form of ATP efficiently.
