Polar molecules reacts with polar molecules and non-polar molecules react with non-polar molecules.
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Yes - benzene is a very hydrophobic non-polar molecule. It can be nitrated with nitric acid which is very polar.
Bonds between carbon and hydrogen are non-polar.
CH4 (methane) is a nonpolar molecule because the four carbon-hydrogen bonds are symmetrical and the dipole moments of the bonds cancel each other out, resulting in a net dipole moment of zero.
Oxygen is an element, not a bond. It will form polar bonds with most other elements, though because it is very electronegative. However, when it bonds with itself as in O2 the bonds are nonpolar.
Nonpolar compounds, such as oil or fats, will not dissolve in water because water is polar and nonpolar compounds do not interact well with polar substances.
Phospholipids do not interact with water, because water is polar and lipids are nonpolar.