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Penicillin resistance became evident in the 1940's (Huemer and Challem 1997). Bacteria can be resistant to penicillin in different ways. Some can break down the penicillin or they make an enzyme to disguise themselves from it (B. Zimmerman and D. Zimmerman 1996). Staph bacteria developed the ability to cut the beta-lactam ring or the shape of the penicillin. After this resistance was discovered, the beta-lactam ring was altered in 1960 so that the staph bacteria were no longer resistant. This brought about a new form of penicillin called methicillin, but resistance soon started to show and this antibiotic was altered again to create vancomycin (P. Offit, B. Offit, and Bell 1999).
Bacteria can become resistant to penicillin through mutations that alter the structure of their cell wall or produce enzymes that break down the antibiotic. Additionally, bacteria can acquire resistance genes from other bacteria through processes like conjugation or transformation. Overuse or misuse of penicillin can also contribute to the development of resistance.
Bacteria whose "parents" have been exposed to an antibiotic sometimes develop resistance...not real immunity. Some resistance is caused by improper administration of antibiotics ...such as, you may feel better after taking an antibiotic for 3 days...so you decide you will save the rest of the pills for the next time you get sick....or you just stop taking them. But even though the "bugs" have experienced major population control/extermination, there will still be some bacteria that will continue to reproduce. Some of the next generation of bacteria will have figured out a way to change their DNA so the antibiotic cannot kill them off so easily. Resistance is also caused by taking too many antibiotics.
It is best to finish your prescribed antibiotics. Generally, if an antibiotic has not done it's job...or seem like it is working...within the first 2 days for most acute infections, then you might need a different antibiotic....because the bug you have caught is resistant or because the antibiotic you were given is not able to kill the specific bug you have. Amoxicillin is not going to treat all infections...some bugs need Cipro, Keflex, Zithromax, etc....
Some doctors stress a 24 hour improvement period...just depends on what kind of infection it is or whether you need to be hospitalized for IV antibiotics. If you have cellulitis....your doctor may give you an antibiotic and tell you to call the next day to see how much of the redness has gone away...if it is getting worse, you risk blood poisoning unless you get a stronger antibiotic and this is usually administered in the hospital. You may want to research MRSA. You will findthe biography of a super resistant bacterium...
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What is MRS bacteria?
It is usually called MRSA: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus. Methycillin is a version of penicillin that was developed to attack penicillin-resistant bacteria. MRSA can sometimes be treated with other common antibiotics like tetracyclines, e.g. doxycycline.
Certain bacteria produce a chemical that makes them resistant to penicillin since these bacteria reproduce asexually they usually produce offspring that?
Carry the same resistance to penicillin as the parent bacteria. This resistance is usually conferred through genetic mutations or acquisition of resistance genes, allowing the offspring bacteria to withstand the effects of penicillin.
Gram negative bacteria are much more resistant to penicillin because?
Gram-negative bacteria are more resistant to penicillin due to the presence of an outer membrane that acts as a barrier, preventing the antibiotic from reaching its target (peptidoglycan layer). Additionally, gram-negative bacteria possess enzymes called beta-lactamases that can break down penicillin and render it ineffective. These mechanisms make it harder for penicillin to kill gram-negative bacteria compared to gram-positive bacteria.
How the exposure to penicillin affects the survival of some bacteria in the population?
Exposure to penicillin can lead to the survival of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in a population as non-resistant bacteria are killed off, leaving behind those that have developed resistance. Over time, this can increase the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant strains within the population. It highlights the importance of responsible antibiotic use to prevent the emergence and spread of resistance.
Are archaea bacteria resistant to penicillin?
Archaea are a distinct group of microorganisms that are genetically and biochemically different from bacteria. They are not affected by antibiotics such as penicillin that target bacterial cell walls. Archaea have unique cell wall components that make them resistant to antibiotics that work on bacterial cell walls.
Can Staphylococcus grow in penicillin G?
It depends. Some bacteria, like Staphylococcus aureus, have become resistant to penicillin G. Not all species of Staphylococcus are resistant. Even some strains of Staphylococcus aureus are still susceptible to penicillin G.
Which semi-synthetic penicillin's creation was sparked by the discovery of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria resistant to penicillin?
Methicillin
Is the rapid development of bacteria resistant to penicillin an example of gradualism?
Punctuated equilibrium
What type of chemical will allow come bacteria to be resistant to many penicillin's?
penicillinase
The rapid development of bacteria resistant to penicillin is an example of gradualism?
Punctuated equilibrium
When the antibiotic penicillin was first introduced it was immediately effective in combating staphylococcus bacterial infections?
1. members of the original population of bacteria that were penicillin resistant survived and reproduced, creating a more resistant populationReasonsome members of the of the original staphylococcus population had a mutation that made them penicillin- resistant. they survived and reproduced and all their offspring were also resistant to penicillin, creating a more resistant population
Why some bacteria are resistant from penicillin?
Because its bigger and bigger is better ;)
Why the frequency of penicillin-resistant bacteria can change over time within the population?
its smaLL
What is MRS bacteria?
It is usually called MRSA: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus. Methycillin is a version of penicillin that was developed to attack penicillin-resistant bacteria. MRSA can sometimes be treated with other common antibiotics like tetracyclines, e.g. doxycycline.
What impact did penicillin have on medicine?
It helps to kill bacteria. Therfore, it can treat many diseases. Although in modern time, bacteria are becoming resistant to antibiotics and penicillin is losing its effects.
Do antibiotics cause bacteria to become resistant?
Yes, over use of antibiotics can cause bacteria to become resistant.
Can penicillin treat tb bacteria?
No. TB is commonly resistant to numerous antibiotics. It's generally treated with a cocktail of antibiotics, none are Penicillin.
