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There are multiple genes encoded by this chromosome. The duplication of the chromosome might have dysregulated multiple genes that affect the patterning of the head and body and affect wing pigmentation. On the other hand, one gene might be involved in all these processes.

For instance, patients with Down syndrome have three copies of chromosome 21, resulting in developmental issues but also an early onset of Alzheimers Disease.

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Q: How can duplication of a chromosome of the first pair produce a double head and at the same time affect the wing pigmentation and body organism?
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The difference between deletion duplication inversion and translocation?

Deletion is the loss of a segment of DNA, duplication is the replication of a DNA segment, inversion is the flipping of a DNA segment, and translocation is the movement of a DNA segment to a new location in the genome. These are all types of structural variations that can lead to genetic disorders or diversity in populations.


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Melanocytes produce melanin which contributes to pigmentation of the skin.


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An organism with 24 chromosomes in each body cell will produce sex cells with 12 chromosomes each. This is because during meiosis, the chromosome number is halved to ensure the correct number of chromosomes in the offspring.


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Hyper-pigmentation , a process of the skin to be darken as compare to its surrounding.Our skin cell melanocytes produce a substance called melanin. melanin is the pigmentating substance in our skin.Cause: Excess of the melanin in the skin causes the hyper-pigmentation of skin.There are many skin condition which is form of hyper-pigmentation in skin. More common reason for such pigmentation disorders is the harmful ultra violet radiation in skin. The inverse of hyper-pigmentation is the depigmentation or hypo-pigmentation such as the skin condition vitiligo.


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What is hypo-pigmentation in skin?

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