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Area distortion refers to a change in the size or shape of a surface area when it is represented on a different scale or projection. This can occur when transferring data from a globe to a flat map, causing inaccuracies in the representation of land masses. Different map projections can result in varying degrees of area distortion.
A globe is the world as it appears from space, and is approximately ball shaped. This allows the countries of the whole world to be shown on a globe without distortion. On a flat map, distortion is unavoidable, especially if the scale is small and showing a large area. Peel an orange, and try to flatten on a flat surface, will prove that a map of the World can not avoid distortion.
The distortion was that the Earth was round
The distortion in the map made it difficult to accurately navigate the unfamiliar terrain.
The Robinson projection is commonly used to minimize distortion of continents on a world map. It achieves this by balancing the size and shape of landmasses while slightly distorting both.