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Paleontologists look for index fossils in fossil bearing sedimentary rock. Index fossils are organisms that were widespread, rapidly evolving, and only existed for a short period of time as evidenced by their appearance in the fossil record of specific rock strata. The appearance of a fossil alongside an index fossil gives a rough approximation of the age of the fossil in relative terms as it would appear on the geologic time scale. The appearance of the same fossil alongside index fossils of different geologic ages means that the fossil organism spanned multiple geologic time periods. Associations of specific strata alongside radiographically datable igneous and metamorphic rock determines the absolute age of a fossil.

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15y ago

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