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General techniques of biosynthetic studies and basic metabolic pathways in pharmacognosy?
Biosynthetic studies in pharmacognosy involve identifying and characterizing the metabolic pathways involved in the synthesis of natural products. Techniques such as isotopic labeling, enzymatic assays, and gene expression analysis are commonly used to study biosynthesis. Basic metabolic pathways in pharmacognosy include pathways like the terpenoid pathway, alkaloid pathway, and flavonoid pathway, which are responsible for the biosynthesis of various secondary metabolites in plants. Understanding these pathways is crucial for elucidating the biosynthesis of natural products with potential pharmacological activities.
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End products of biosynthetic pathways often act to block the initial step in that pathway This phenomenon is called?
feedback inhibition. Feedback inhibition is a regulatory mechanism where the end product of a biosynthetic pathway inhibits the activity of the enzyme catalyzing the initial step, thereby regulating the overall rate of the pathway.
What are the anaplereotic sequences and amphibolic pathways?
Anaplerotic sequences are metabolic pathways that replenish intermediates in central metabolic cycles, such as the tricarboxylic acid cycle, to maintain metabolic flux. Amphibolic pathways are metabolic pathways that serve both catabolic and anabolic roles, allowing bidirectional flow of metabolites for energy generation and biosynthesis. Together, anaplerotic sequences and amphibolic pathways help regulate metabolism and maintain cellular homeostasis.
Without enzymes the metabolic pathways are?
Without enzymes, metabolic pathways would be extremely slow or unable to proceed because enzymes are needed to catalyze the chemical reactions that occur in these pathways. Enzymes lower the activation energy required for these reactions to take place, allowing them to occur efficiently within cells.
Why can radioactive isotopes be used in the study of metabolic pathways?
Radioactive isotopes can be used in the study of metabolic pathways because they can be incorporated into specific molecules, allowing researchers to track the movement and transformation of these molecules within metabolic pathways. By measuring the radioactivity, scientists can gain insights into the speed and efficiency of various metabolic processes in cells.
Are metabolic pathways the same as biochemical pathways?
Yes, metabolic pathways and biochemical pathways are often used interchangeably to describe the sequences of biochemical reactions within a cell that lead to the synthesis or breakdown of molecules. They encompass a series of interconnected chemical reactions that ultimately govern cellular metabolism.
What do peoxisomes do?
If you mean peroxisomes, in animal cells they carry the enzymes needed for biosynthetic pathways, metabolic pathways, and detoxification. In some plant cells they are called glyoxysomes and carry enzymes for glyoxylate cycle.
End products of biosynthetic pathways often act to block the initial step in that pathway This phenomenon is called?
feedback inhibition. Feedback inhibition is a regulatory mechanism where the end product of a biosynthetic pathway inhibits the activity of the enzyme catalyzing the initial step, thereby regulating the overall rate of the pathway.
What is the function of de novo biosynthetic pathway?
The de novo biosynthetic pathway is responsible for synthesizing complex molecules from simple starting materials. This pathway is essential for the production of various biomolecules such as nucleotides, amino acids, and fatty acids that are crucial for cell growth, maintenance, and function.
What are the anaplereotic sequences and amphibolic pathways?
Anaplerotic sequences are metabolic pathways that replenish intermediates in central metabolic cycles, such as the tricarboxylic acid cycle, to maintain metabolic flux. Amphibolic pathways are metabolic pathways that serve both catabolic and anabolic roles, allowing bidirectional flow of metabolites for energy generation and biosynthesis. Together, anaplerotic sequences and amphibolic pathways help regulate metabolism and maintain cellular homeostasis.
What is the role of molecules such as NADPHNADH and FADH2 i n metabolic processes?
Molecules like NADPH, NADH, and FADH2 play key roles in metabolic processes by acting as electron carriers that participate in redox reactions. They help shuttle electrons between different reactions in pathways such as glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation, enabling the generation of ATP, which is the energy currency of the cell. These molecules are essential for cellular energy production and various biosynthetic pathways.
What is the general term for all types of coordinated sequences of chemical pathways?
metabolic pathways
Without enzymes the metabolic pathways are?
Without enzymes, metabolic pathways would be extremely slow or unable to proceed because enzymes are needed to catalyze the chemical reactions that occur in these pathways. Enzymes lower the activation energy required for these reactions to take place, allowing them to occur efficiently within cells.
What is metabolic activity in a cell?
Metabolic activity is the constant flow of molecules through metabolic pathways that maintains an organism's life.
Why can radioactive isotopes be used in the study of metabolic pathways?
Radioactive isotopes can be used in the study of metabolic pathways because they can be incorporated into specific molecules, allowing researchers to track the movement and transformation of these molecules within metabolic pathways. By measuring the radioactivity, scientists can gain insights into the speed and efficiency of various metabolic processes in cells.
Are metabolic pathways the same as biochemical pathways?
Yes, metabolic pathways and biochemical pathways are often used interchangeably to describe the sequences of biochemical reactions within a cell that lead to the synthesis or breakdown of molecules. They encompass a series of interconnected chemical reactions that ultimately govern cellular metabolism.
What pathways break down fuels from the food you eat and the liquids you drink.?
The pathways that break down fuels from the food you eat are called metabolic pathways.
Complex metabolic reactions proceed in a series of steps called?
Complex metabolic reactions proceed in a series of steps called metabolic pathways. These pathways involve a sequence of enzymatic reactions that transform substrates into products, ultimately contributing to the overall metabolism of an organism. Each step in a metabolic pathway is tightly regulated and often linked to other pathways within the cell.
