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Explain the energy conversions that occur as a pendulum swings and how does this demonstrate conservation of energy?
Wiki User
∙ 14y ago
When the pendulum is at it's highest point in it's path of flight, the pendulum is not moving, and has purely potential energy. When the pendulum reaches the lowest point in it's flight, that potential energy is converted into kinetic. The total amount of energy has not changed though.
Let's make up numbers to prove how this is true. Say we have a ball on the end of the pendulum that weighs 10kg. At it's max height, the ball reaches 5 meters above it's starting point. Since potential energy (PE) = mass (m) x gravity (g) x height (h), our PE = (5kg)(10m/s^2)(5m) = 250 Joules. As I mentioned earlier, total potential energy will equal the total kinetic energy (KE). When the ball reaches it's lowest point (where it's velocity is the highest), we can use our PE energy from the first equation to determine how fast the ball is moving at the bottom of the swing. KE = (1/2) x mass (m) x velocity (v) squared. Since KE also equals PE, we have 250 = (1/2)(5)(v^2) --> 100 = v^2. Therefore the veolcity equals 10 meters per second.
Wiki User
∙ 14y ago
As a pendulum swings, energy is converted between potential energy (at its highest points) and kinetic energy (at its lowest points). At the highest point, the pendulum possesses maximum potential energy due to its height above the ground. As it swings down, this potential energy is converted into kinetic energy, reaching its maximum speed at the lowest point. The energy conversions during the swinging of a pendulum demonstrate the principle of conservation of energy, where the total mechanical energy (the sum of potential and kinetic energy) remains constant throughout the motion, disregarding any energy losses due to friction.
Wiki User
∙ 15y agoIt goes from potential, to kinetic, to potential, to kinetic, etc...
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