Normally, the answer to that kind of question would depend on what you call "low".
In the case of light, however, probably nobody would call it a 'low' speed, because
it's physically impossible for anything in creation to travel faster than light in a vacuum. It is possible for things to travel faster than light does in other media, but it's not exactly common, and it's still very much on the "fast" end of the scale.
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No, light travels at a very high speed, approximately 299,792 kilometers per second in a vacuum. It is known as the fastest thing in the universe.
No. The speeds of convection and conduction vary, but they are nowhere near the speed of light.
Eyesight does not have speed because it is a sense rather than a physical object or force. However, light entering the eye does travel at the speed of light.
To determine if red and blue light travel at the same speed in plastic, one could shine both colors of light through the plastic at the same angle and measure the time it takes for each color to travel a set distance. If the times are equal, the speeds are the same. However, if there are differences in the times taken, it suggests that red and blue light have different speeds within the plastic.
No, a comet cannot travel a light year in one second. A light year is the distance light travels in one year, which is about 9.5 trillion kilometers. Comets typically travel at much slower speeds, so it would take a comet significantly longer than one second to cover that distance.
Light travels fastest in a vacuum. Other than that, it would travel fastest in a very dilute (low-pressure, and therefore low-density) gas.