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The Coriolis Effect is the phenomenon that effects global winds. A convection cell is a form of wind and this is the first part of the coriolis effect.
The antitrade winds, also known as the westerlies, can be found in the mid-latitudes of both hemispheres between 30 and 60 degrees latitude. They flow from the west towards the east and are responsible for the movement of weather systems in these regions.
If the Earth did not rotate, global winds would follow a north-south path from the poles to the equator, due to the temperature difference between the poles and the equator. This wind pattern would be known as the Hadley cell circulation.
The Hadley cell is caused by the combination of the Earth's rotation and the unequal heating of the Earth's surface. As warm air rises at the equator, it moves towards the poles and descends around 30 degrees latitude, creating a circulation pattern known as the Hadley cell. This process is a result of the differential heating of the Earth's surface by the Sun.
Trade winds were first utilized by early sailors navigating the oceans, enabling them to sail efficiently and establish trade routes. Although no particular individual is credited with discovering trade winds, they were observed and utilized by early civilizations such as the Phoenicians and Polynesians. The consistent patterns of these winds were eventually documented and studied by scientists, leading to a better understanding of their dynamics.