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- Sugar: The nucleotide contains a five-carbon sugar molecule (deoxyribose in DNA, ribose in RNA) that forms the backbone of the nucleic acid.
- Phosphate group: A phosphate group is attached to the sugar molecule, providing a negative charge that helps in the formation of the nucleic acid chain.
- Nitrogenous base: The nucleotide also contains a nitrogenous base (adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine in DNA; adenine, uracil, cytosine, guanine in RNA) that determines the genetic code and pairs with complementary bases in the double helix structure of DNA.
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