Mercury expands more evenly than alcohol. This is why thermometers that contain mercury are more accurate than those that contain alcohol. However, alcohol freezes at a temperature much lower than mercury, so it is better used in thermometers in extreme cold conditions.
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Alcohol is used to measure at low temperatures because it has a lower freezing point than Mercury. Mercury has a higher boiling point than alcohol, mercury boils at around 400 Co and alcohol boils around 80 C0.
The thermal expansion of mercury is proportional and linear to temperature.
A mercury-in-glass thermometer is most likely to contain alcohol. However, due to safety concerns, many modern thermometers use alcohol-based solutions or other materials instead of mercury.
The first liquid used in a thermometer was likely alcohol, specifically ethanol. Alcohol has a low freezing point and a wide range of expansion when heated, making it suitable for use in early thermometers.
Mercury in glass thermometers pose a greater health hazard if broken, as mercury is a toxic substance that can be harmful if inhaled or ingested. Alcohol in glass thermometers are considered less hazardous as alcohol is not as toxic as mercury. It is still important to clean up any broken thermometer carefully to avoid injury.