Actinium-227 decay to francium-223.
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227Ac----- alpha decay---- 223Fr
The lightest "element" that can undergo radioactive decay is the isotope hydrogen-3, which undergoes beta decay. The lightest element with no radioactively stable isotopes is technetium, and its isotopes have different modes of decay.
That depends on the type of decay, alpha and beta decay change the atom into a different element but gamma decay does not.
In alpha decay, the nucleus loses two protons and two neutrons. The resulting element will therefore have an element number that is two less.In beta minus decay, a neutron gets converted to a proton. The resulting element will have one more proton - the element number will be one more. In beta plus decay, a proton gets converted to a neutron. The resulting element will have one less proton - the element number will be one less.
The rate of decay of a radioactive element cannot be influenced by any physical or chemical change. It is a rather constant phenomenon that appears to be independent of all others. The rate of decay is given by an element's half life, which is the amount of time for approximately half of the atoms to decay.