lute player
It is called a solo. The texture is called 'monophonic' texture (it means "with no accompaniment").
a "Synth Player" or "Synthesizer Player"
Old Americans invented it went they were playing the drums they hollowed out drum sticks.
It means someone individually plays a short piece of music (usually the leader), and the rest of his/her band replies to it by doing another short piece of music.
You would call them either mute or dumb (as in "deaf and dumb").
dumb
A guitarist.
A bassist
An organist
an "accordionist"
a harmonist.
a guitarist
If someone is unable to speak, it's called being 'dumb'.
lute player
lute player
Call them anything you like, they won't answer back!