crash cymbal - The most common cymbal, medium-large sized with a sound most easily described as "average" for a cymbal.
Ride Cymbal - commonly though of as the jazz cymbal, this one tends to be rather large and has a calmer sound. Unlike the crash, hitting it harder does not produce a good sound and instead it is usually tapped lightly. It has a softer, more atmospheric sound. Think Milles Davis Cool Jazz era.
Crash-ride cymbal - this cymbal is a fusion of the crash and the ride cymbals.
China Cymbal - this cymbal is rather rare, and is similar in size to the crash, but curves sharply upward halfway out from the center. It has a very trebly sound people often associate with eastern music, hence the name. Splash Cymbal -Usually the smallest cymbal in a set, this guy is often used as a gimmick. It's basically a crash cymbal but only a third of the size, so it's sound is quieter, higher, and "splashier".
Hi-hat - This cymbal is actually two small/medium sized cymbals mounted atop each other, with the concave side pressed into each other. They are mounted on a post set up so that a pedal on the floor can either press the cymbals tightly into each other, or allow them to loosen to the point that they barely tough. It is an essential part of most rock kits and patterns, often being hit on every eighth note in the measure.
kit
Sticks, except for the bass drum which has its own beater.
Tom mount or Tom holder.
I think that's the Mirage Monster by Mike Portnoy. http://www.mikeportnoy.com/drums/mirage/
There is the bass drum or kick drum which is on the floor that usually holds your toms and then there is the snare which is the center of the drum set. The snare is probably the most important drum in the whole set so it is known as the center of the drum set or kit
kit
bass drum
Probably a snare drum, some tom toms, a couple ride symbols and a hi-hat symbol.
Sticks, except for the bass drum which has its own beater.
A drum kit that is very germy.
The Tama drum kit
elephants
it is also called a percussion set
There is no 'best' drum kit. Each brand and type of kit has its individual advantages.
Usually, a fourth tom is not included in the standard kit.
There is no set price its what you want in a drum kit, make, size of kit, accessories etc.
You can find cymbals inside a drum kit. The number of cymbals is different in each drum kit, because there are different kinds of music. But all come with a Hi-hat unless it is only a drum kit with only drums.