This depends on the laws of the state where the citation is issued and the nature of the charge. A citation is simply a summons to appear in court to answer to a charge. In many jurisdictions, it can be issued/signed by anyone who wants to bring a charge against another person. In signing the citation, the person making the accusation is swearing to the court that the offense was committed by the person named in the citation, and can be charged with false swearing or a civil claim of false arrest if the charge is baseless.
Not sure what you mean by a sworn answer. But a sworn statement means that in legal terms you have signed an affidavit verifying your statement and sticking to what you say.
It makes no difference if the officer is on or off duty. A police officer is sworn to uphold the law 24/7/365 - his authority goes with him wherever he goes.Not really enough is disclosed about the situation to give more than a general answer. Although an attempted burglary is usually not a felony offense, if certain criteria are met and all other options have been exhausted, providing that the the necessary requirements for the officer to use deadly force exist, an officer could conceivably have grounds for firing at the fleeing burglar .
Are they police or security? If they're sworn LEOs, they're just as much real police as any other police agency, and citations issued by them are very much enforceable, to the point where your license may be suspended for nonpayment. And if they're at a community college, they're either an agency of the state of Calfornia (and therefore, not private), or else they're contractors with the state of California, and have full law enforcement powers. Public schools don't have private police unless it's an agency with a state contract.
Not exactly sure what you're asking, but you may be talking about the bailiff. A bailiff isn't a police officer, at least not locally to me, but he is the court appointed officer.Additional: The duties of the uniformed officer(s) stationed in a court room is to maintain security, keep order, guard prisoner-defendants, attend to the jury, and supply judicial protection. These officers are known by the title of BAILIFF. They usually possess the powers of law enforcement officers in their jurisdiction, and are usually uniformed. Although they resemble police - as noted above - in some places this duty is not customarily performed by sworn police officers. Rather it can be performed by civilian employees of the court system - or, (in many other jurisdictions) by Deputy Sheriff's - or even State Marshalls.
As a legal matter, police officers are never 'off duty' and are sworn to uphold the law at all times. Therefore, in the performance of their official duties, yes they can. However, in their status as private citizens, you may bar them if they have no official reason to trespass on your property.
A "sworn officer" is a police officer who has the full power to arrest someone for breaking the law, whereas an "unsworn officer" is oftentimes a volunteer who can assist the sworn officer, issue tickets and citations, but cannot make an arrest. In many jurisdiction, the sworn officer is also the only kind of of officer who can carry a gun at all times.
yes
Generally means you are a peace officer
In the US, you must be a citizen to become a sworn law enforcement officer.
a sworn officer wears blue and can arrest criminals while a security guard wears white and can't arrest people
Under Florida Law no. A licensed armed security officer is not a peace officer. In the State of Florida you do not have to be sworn to have peace officer status. According to Florida Statutes 843.08 and 843.06 the word "watchman" appears in both statutes. A security officer was once called a watchman. Therefore, a licensed security officer in Florida is a non sworn peace officer.
If the PO is not a sworn law enforcement officer themselves; report it to the police, or the court which supervises the probation, or swear out a warrant for the probationers arrest. If the PO is a sworn law enforcement officer, they have the option of either arresting the probationer or reporting the threats to the court - at their option.
The term duly sworn refers to having been put under oath, before an officer authorized to administer oaths, in the manner and form required by law.
Impanel (now spelt empanel) = to swear a jury to try an issue. it thus means to have sworn a jury to try an issue.
Probable cause to believe that an offense is, has, or is about to occur at a particular identifiable location. This is presented to a judge in writing, signed and sworn to by the applying officer (known as an affidavit), and if the judge agrees they issue a warrant.
Yes, a magistrate can find probable cause to proceed with a criminal charge even without a sworn statement from the arresting officer if they are the only witness. The magistrate can rely on the officer's testimony presented in court to establish probable cause for the charge. However, the strength of the evidence and the credibility of the officer's testimony will play a significant role in the magistrate's decision.
no they are no longer a sworn officer