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In the 18th and 19th century, the Piano was often used as a continuo instrument, that is, a chordal instrument which plays the bass line and provides harmonic texture, which is usually joined by one or more other instruments (viol or cello, violone or 3-string bass, theorbo, etc.) It also was often featured as the soloist in Concerto format pieces.

In the 20th century, possibly due to the number of composers who were primarily pianists, the piano was placed in the orchestra again, but there is no continuo function in most 20th century music. Instead, the piano was considered part of either the Percussion section or as a melodic instrument, often enriching the harmonic texture with arpeggiated chords or doubling the melody or one of the harmonies (usually in octaves).

As a percussion instrument, the piano's hammer-attack was used to add edge to the rhythmic foundation of the orchestra.

It was rare for a composer to use the piano only for one purpose in a piece, though: often its function would change from melodic to harmonic to percussive, and both percussive and harmonic functions could be mixed (in rhythmically pounded chords).

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A piano is often used in twentieth-century orchestral music to?

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