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Steric hindrance from the bulky acetanilide group directs the electrophilic bromination to the para position, as it is the least hindered position for bromine attack. This leads to the formation of para-bromoacetanilide as the major product.
Para-nitro acetanilide can be prepared from acetanilide by first reacting it with concentrated nitric acid and sulfuric acid to introduce the nitro group. The reaction should be carefully monitored to avoid excessive heat generation and the formation of unwanted by-products. After the reaction is complete, the product can be isolated and purified using appropriate techniques.
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution is an example of Ortho and para directing group and meta directing group.
salicytic acid is a ortho para directing group ....however check up on that ...i am not completely certain .. Actually, it is a meta-directing group, because of the carboxylic acid functional that the salicylic acid contains. Hope that was helpful.
Acetanilide undergoes bromination in the ortho and para positions due to the presence of the activating amino group that directs the electrophilic bromine to these positions. In the reaction mixture, the para-bromoacetanilide is the major product compared to the ortho isomer, typically in a ratio of about 4:1.
p-nitro phenol has a symmetric structure as compare to o-nitro phenol so it has higher dipole moment or polarity so is more soluble.
Meta-directing groups do not direct the substituents to the ortho or para positions, so they are not suitable for this specific experiment focusing on ortho- and para-directing groups. Including a meta-directing group would not yield the desired outcome of products at the ortho and para positions.
The melting point of p-bromoacetanilide is approximately 172-174°C.
4-bromoacetanilide is mainly formed from the bromination of acetanilide because the bromine atom primarily substitutes the para position on the benzene ring due to steric hindrance, making it the major product. The meta and ortho positions are less favorable due to destabilizing interactions with the amide group.
Acetic acid acts as a solvent in the preparation of para nitro acetanilide. It helps dissolve the reactants, making it easier for them to mix and react. Acetic acid also helps control the reaction conditions and stabilize intermediates formed during the synthesis process.
You can separate the mixture by utilizing chromatography techniques such as column chromatography or thin-layer chromatography. These methods will allow you to separate the para and ortho isomers based on their different physical properties, like polarity or solubility in certain solvents. By running the mixture through a chromatography column or plate, you can isolate the individual components for further analysis or use.
the most suitable for recrystrallizing acetanilide is water..