Te Wai Pounamu is a Maori name for the Island now commonly known as the South Island.
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Stewart Island, Rakiura, lies to the south of the South Island, te Wai Pounamu, and is separated from it by Foveaux Strait.
There are two main (principal) islands that form New Zealand. The North Island and the South Island. The North Island is home to such cities as Auckland and Rotorura and of course the capital Wellington. The South Island is home to such cities as Christchurch and Queenstown. The South Island is known for its adventure sports. Other well-known Islands are Stewart Island, Tiritiri Matangi and Rangitoto.
The second longest river in New Zealand is the Clutha in the South Island which is 322 km long. The Whanganui river (290 km, Nth Island) is third.
In 1840 the Islands of New Zealand were referred to as New Ulster (the North Island), New Munster (the South Island, also called the Middle Island then) and New Leinster (Stewart Island). In 1846 the name New Leinster was abandoned and Stewart Island was considered to be part of New Munster. These names only lasted until 1852 when New Zealand was further divided into a number of smaller provinces with more locally meaningful names.
New Zealand is made up of two main islands, the North Island, or Te Ika-a-Maui, and the South Island, or Te Waipounamu. Though larger than the North Island, the South Island is much less populous.