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A RC circuit is a simple filtering circuit. The impedance of R will stay the same across the frequency band. The impedance of C will vary according to 1/jwC (j = i = imaginary number, w = omega/frequency in radians, C = capacitance in Farads). As frequency varies from low frequency to high frequency, an increasingly smaller amount of the signal voltage will "drop" across the capacitor. This is known as a first order (one reactive element, the capacitor) low pass filter if the desired signal is measured across the capacitor. If measured across the resistor, this would be a first order high pass filter.

Edit: if you are talking about ESR (equivalent serires resistance), it is a parasitic component inside a capacitor. Theoretically, you don't want it but it's there.

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Q: What is the function of the resistor into capacitor?
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