Out of the 28 countries in the Caribbean, 25 do not speak Spanish as a primary language:
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except for Cuba, the Dominican Republic, and Puerto Rico, none of them speak Spanish.
ALL of the countries in Southern Africa do not speak Spanish as their primary language. The only Spanish-speaking country in Africa is Equatorial Guinea, which is in Central Africa.
Most South American countries speak Spanish. Brazil is the largest country in South America and Portuguese is their primary language. Making them the largest non Spanish language group in South America
Whether or not it is possible to match a language with a country depends on the country. A few nations have people fluent in one particular language. In most nations people know two, three, or more languages. Canada has two official languages, French and English. The United States has large sections where Spanish is spoken. Switzerland has four official languages. That said, many countries have a primary language. Thus, to answer your question, it would be possible to take a globe, pins, and pieces of paper. It would be possible to write the primary or primary and secondary language on a piece of paper for most of the countries.
The primary language family of those three countries is a the broad group called Indo-European.
Many South Americans speak Spanish but four countries do not speak Spanish as their primary language. Brazil - Portuguese Suriname - Dutch/English Guyana - English/Dutch French Guiana - French The nations of Suriname (Dutch Guiana) and Guyana (British Guiana) have large Spanish-speaking populations. French Guiana is an overseas department, therefore considered part of France.