Pastoralists of modern India

Answer 1

pastoralists in India are as follows;

1. Even today the Gujjar Bakarwals of Jammu and Kashmir are great

herders of goat and sheep. Many of them migrated to this region in

the nineteenth century in search of pastures for their animals.

Gradually, over the decades, they established themselves in the area,

and moved annually between their summer and winter grazing

grounds. In winter, when the high mountains were covered with

snow, they lived with their herds in the low hills of the Siwalik

range. The dry scrub forests here provided pasture for their herds.

By the end of April they began their northern march for their summer

grazing grounds. Several households came together for this journey,

forming what is known as a kafila. They crossed the Pir Panjal passes

and entered the valley of Kashmir. With the onset of summer, the

snow melted and the mountainsides were lush green. The variety of

grasses that sprouted provided rich nutritious forage for the animal

herds. By end September the Bakarwals were on the move again, this

time on their downward journey, back to their winter base. When

the high mountains were covered with snow, the herds were grazed

in the low hills.

In a different area of the mountains, the Gaddi shepherds of

Himachal Pradesh had a similar cycle of seasonal movement. They

too spent their winter in the low hills of Siwalik range, grazing their

flocks in scrub forests. By April they moved north and spent the

summer in Lahul and Spiti. When the snow melted and the high

passes were clear, many of them moved on to higher mountain

Answer 2

Kshatriyas ,Gurjars ,Suryavanshi,Huna ,Yuezhi or Tocharians,Khazars.