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Answer is, they don't! They maintain a steady voltage instead.

If the appliance or electrical device has a constant energy use, then it will draw a constant current from the battery. LEDs behave that way. But if it's a power drill or something similar, then the current will be fairly low when it's free-spinning, but rise to a high value when it's actually drilling.

And... batteries maintain steady voltage because that's how the "surface chemistry" of battery plates operates. We can't change the voltage except by choosing some other type of metal (zinc versus lead versus nickle versus lithium.) That's why zinc/carbon batteries are 1.5 volt, while car battery cells are 2 volt.

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Q: How do batteries maintain a steady flow of charge?
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