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The angle of the altitude of Polaris is equal to the observer's latitude. However, this is only true if you are in the Northern Hemisphere. For example, at the North Pole it is directly overhead and at the equator it is on the horizon and at 45 degrees North it is 45 degrees above you.
If an observer in Pennsylvania measures the altitude of Polaris to be 40 degrees, they could be approximately 40 degrees north of the equator, which would imply a latitude close to 40 degrees north. This is because the altitude of Polaris above the horizon is equal to the observer's latitude in the Northern Hemisphere.
They are very nearly equal angles, within about 1/3 degree. (Note the accurate implication that Polaris is not visible from anywhere in the southern hemisphere.)
At the Tropic of Capricorn (approximately 23.5 degrees south latitude), Polaris, the North Star, is not visible and is located below the horizon. Polaris can only be seen in the Northern Hemisphere and its altitude above the horizon increases the further north you go.
If Polaris appears 60° above the northern horizon, then you are pretty near 60° north latitude. If you're on the equator ... 0° north latitude ... then Polaris is on the horizon ... 0° altitude. If you're at the north pole ... 90° north latitude ... then Polaris is over your head ... 90° altitude. The altitude above the northern horizon at which Polaris appears is nearly identical to your north latitude. ================================================= The difference (error) between Polaris and the real North Celestial Pole is about 0.7 degree. Not good enough for precise navigation or surveying, but just fine for directions when you're hiking.
To measure latitude using Polaris (the North Star), you would need to use a sextant or astrolabe to measure the angle between the horizon and Polaris. This angle would be equivalent to your latitude in the northern hemisphere. The higher Polaris appears in the sky, the closer you are to the North Pole.
The altitude of polaris for an observer is always the same as your latitude so it would be 64oN
If you are at the North Pole, you'll see the star Polaris near the zenit (altitude almost 90 degrees).
Your position is 45 degrees latitude north. The altitude of Polaris (the North Star) corresponds to your latitude in the Northern Hemisphere. Since your local noon occurs at 7pm Greenwich Mean Time, you are located in the time zone that is 5 hours behind GMT, such as Eastern Standard Time in the USA.
The latitude of the observer is equal to the altitude of Polaris. Therefore, if the altitude of Polaris is 43 degrees, then the latitude of the observer is 43 degrees.
there both scrubs
No, Polaris would not be overhead if you were at the South Pole. The North Star -- Polaris -- is not visible from the Southern Hemisphere.