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A division is a fairly large military unit, usually commanded by a two-star Major General. Two or more brigades (commanded by one-star Brigadier Generals) made a division. Some divisions had as many as six brigades. The General commanding the army might assign more brigades to a division commander in whom he had a lot of confidence. Two or more divisions make a corps, and two or more corps make an army.

Most men enlisted in a company raised in their home town or county. A company had 100 men of all ranks, and was commanded by a captain, usually elected by the men. Within the company the men were divided into "mess groups", who cooked and ate together. Since they were all neighbors usually, and often relatives, this made for natural groups.

Ten such companies would go to the nearest big town and together they would make a regiment, commanded by a colonel, who was also often elected. The regiment would then head off for the "seat of war", and when they got to the army at the front they would be assigned with several other regiments to form a brigade. Anywhere from two to six regiments made a brigade.

The only units of standardized size were the company and the regiment. Brigades, divisions, corps and armies might have anywhere from two sub-units up. So, on paper anyway, a division might have anywhere from 4,000 to 20,000 men. But almost all regiments lost close to a half of their men as soon as they got to an army camp, from sickness resulting in death or medical discharge from the army. The average division in the Civil War had probably 6,000 to 12,000 men, with most toward the smaller end of that range. And by late in the war, Confederate divisions especially tended to be very reduced in numbers.

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Q: What does division mean in the Civil War?
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