basilic and sephalic
Elongated superficial dilated veins, are called Varicose veins.
There are three major categories of veins: superficial veins, deep veins, and perforating veins. All varicose veins are superficial veins; they lie between the skin and a layer of fibrous connective tissue called fascia.
There are three types of veins, superficial veins that are just beneath the surface of the skin, deep veins that are large blood vessels found deep inside muscles, and perforator veins that connect the superficial veins to the deep veins.
Superficial vein is a term used to describe a vein that is close to the surface of the body. It is used to differentiate veins that are close to the surface from veins that are far from the surface, known as deep veins. Superficial veins are important physiologically for cooling of the body. When the body is too hot the body shunts blood from the deep veins to the superficial veins, to facilitate heat transfer to the surroundings. Superficial veins can be seen under the skin.
Veins tend to be more superficial, meaning they lie closer to the surface of the skin. Arteries usually, but not always, run deeper in the tissue than veins.
The superficial veins of the legs connect to the deep veins through "penetrating veins" which run perpendicular to the skin from one to the other. The deep veins are essentially a column of blood running from your head to you feet and so when one is standing are under high pressure. In order to keep this pressure away from the frail superficial veins the penetrating veins have valves. When one of these valves goes bad the high pressure is allowed to go back to the superficial veins which blow up like balloons and become visible as what we call varicose veins (or "spider veins").
superficial and deep set
Because their veins are more superficial or their skin is thinner.
The superficial veins of the upper extremities are best for cannulation.
Deep veins will distend also, but not as much due to the increased pressure on them. superficial veins are under much less pressure being closer to the surface and away from muscles, so the distension is much more obvious.
That is what we call metacarpals veins.