The correct term is bipolar disorder. Some people call it a disease though.
Hippocrates describes it although he does not call it bipolar, that term is recent.
Manic depression
Yes, the term "Bipolar Disorder" is typically capitalized as it is a specific mental health condition characterized by extreme mood swings.
yes
A world has a north and a south pole.
Manic depression, or manic depressive disorder is nowadays more commonly known as Bipolar disorder or Bipolar affective disorder. It can also be referred to as Hypomania due to public unawareness.
It's an anthropological term, rather than a psychological term. I believe it refers to a class of stone tools.
No not really. You can tell a bipolar person from another. Bipolar persons will go through many mood swings. The person can feel happy about something one instant and then the next they could be sad or depressed. I would know as my mother is bipolar.
Bipolar I Disorder (mot to be confused with Bipolar II). Highest suicide rate, mania, to include hallucinations and hearing voices, often violence. Bipolar I disorder also includes hypomania and severe depression. The term "Bipolar" at one time was known as Manic Depressive Illness. Currently, the name for the illness has come to include, erroneously, the Bipolar II. Bipolar II does not have the element of mania that Bipolar I does. Actually Bipolar II does have a manic element, but it is hypomanic, which is a lot less severe than the mania of Bipolar I. A lot of people, like me, start out as Bipolar II but become Bipolar I when they have their first full-blown manic attack (I prefer attack to episode because that's what it is--an attack on the mind).
Bipolar disorder
Bipolar-clinicaly depressed