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In large turbines, a valve controls steam flow to groups of nozzles. The number of open valves controls the number of nozzles in use according to the load. A bar-lift or cam arrangement operated by the governor opens and closes these valves in sequence. Such a device is a multi-port valve. Using nozzles at full steam pressure is more efficient than throttling the steam.
Firstly, vacuum is being created in turbine exhaust and condenser rather than being required. It is created to reduce the back-pressures and to improve the turbine efficiency. Also, with vacuum the designers can design large size last stage blades of LP turbine for maximizing the turbine output.
Steam rate means how much mass of steam entering into system per time.........
steam turbine cold start up list:
Steam turbine nozzle clearance is the total energy content available in steam. This is through a valve.