What did the Israelites learn about God and how God wants us to act in society in Exodus?
The Israelites learned about God's ways from direct experience,
from the Torah, and from the Prophets. They learned and taught that
the ways of God must be emulated (Deuteronomy 8:6); and these
include kindness (Micah 6:8), helping the stranger, widow and
orphan (Deuteronomy 10:18), not being aloof from the plight of
another (Leviticus 19:16), returning lost objects (Exodus 23:4),
paying workers on time (Deuteronomy 24:15), and many similar
commands.