In the Middle East, the people did not have last names per say at the time. They were called 'Name' bar 'Father's name'. Paul's/Saul's father's name is not known, but we do know that his father was Pharisee. So Paul would have been known as Saul bar (father's name) or Paul bar (father's name)
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He was called the Thirteenth Apostle, and the Last Apostle. (He also called himself the "least apostle", for his work against the church, before his conversion.)
The Bible does not say his name, yet Paul and Silas helped him to convert to Christianity after the earthquake freed them from their prison cells
OpinionI would say Apostle Paul wherever I use 'Apostle' as a title, in the same way as I would say Mr Smith, with 'Mr' capitalised. Less frequently, I would write 'apostle' uncapitalised if I did not intend it as a title, for example where 'apostle' is the subject of the sentence, and Paul is addressed. Use capitals to be on the safe side.
Even though Paul never did meet Jesus, he always claimed and worked for Jesus as his apostle.
Paul, formerly Saul of Tarsus, is known as the 13th Apostle.