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Three years after A.D. (Anno Domini). One A.D. is marked in the calendar as the birth of Christ. Before one A.D., it is denoted B.C. (Before Christ) or B.C.E. (Before Common Era), depending on which one the author has chosen to use.
Excluding 100BC and 500AD, there are: In BC: 99BC to 1BC = 99 years In AD: 1AD to 499AD = 499 years In total 99 + 499 = 598 years. Including 100BC and 500AD, there are: In BC: 100BC to 1BC = 100 years In AD: 1AD to 500AD = 500 years In total 100 + 500 = 600 years. You may be wondering about the lack of year 0. The BC/AD system of calendar was devised by an abbot called Dionysius Exiguus in the year designated as 247 anno Diocletiani (year of Diocletian). However, as Diocletian was a notorious persecutor of Christians, and so Dionysius decided to use anno Domini (year of the Lord) to describe the year; he worked out Christ had been born some 531 years earlier; in his time zero did not exist (as a concept) and so his first year, the year of Christ's birth, became 1AD (with the previous year now being known as 1BC). Thus 247 anno Diocletian became 531 anno Domini in the calendar system we now use.
The entire civilized world uses the same calendar whose years are based on "Before Christ" and "After Christ", yes. Even though this is a Christian calendar, all of the non-Christian world has adopted it as a matter of convenience to have the same year everywhere. It is 2011 AD throughout the world. Some people think that "AD" is offensive because it means "Anno Domini", a Latin phrase for "in the year of the Lord", so they use "CE" (Common Era) in place of "AD".
Scientific Julian date depends not only on date, but also on time For example, 26 of January 2012, 20:33:38 (8PM) makes JD=2455953.356689815 But militaries use Julian Date in another way and 26 of January 2012 for militaries makes 201226. Actually militaries do not use "Julian Date", they use "Ordinal Date" (but they call it Julian)
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