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validity
External validity is the extent that results from a study generalize to other people, places, and situations--how well the findings stand outside the study and the extent to which they can be replicated. The internal validity is that extent to which the study's design enables it to measure and study what it intends to study.
examples of internal and external validity
Construct validity refers to the extent to which a test or measurement accurately represents the theoretical concept it is intended to assess. It involves evaluating whether the operational definitions and methodologies used effectively capture the underlying construct, such as intelligence or motivation. Construct validity is typically established through various forms of evidence, including convergent and discriminant validity, which demonstrate that the measure correlates appropriately with related constructs and differs from unrelated ones. Essentially, it ensures that researchers are truly measuring what they claim to measure.
Causal validity is also referred to as internal validity. It refers to how well experiments are done and what we can infer from those results.