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The three principal levels of hierarchies within a business organization are: 1. Functional 2. Business 3. Corporate
Functional authority cuts across the hierarchical structure to allow managers to direct specific processes, practices, or policies affecting people in other departments.
production and operation management function
Theory x and y
project managers and functional managers have different roles and responsibilities in an organization. Project managers take responsibility for completing a specific project or program within a specific time and budget framework. Functional managers have ongoing responsibility for managing the people and resources within a department to meet corporate and financial objectives. To complete certain tasks, both types of manager may work together, sharing resources or people.