Well i believe quarter horses but that's because i have owned three. But the gentlest horse would have to be a big English horse when your not riding them and a calm trail quarter horse when your on them.
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There are many breeds of horses that have a calm temperment, and in every breed there will be individuals that are more 'layed back' than others. The Quarter Horse and Paint Horse are known for the versitilty and calm and willing personality. But it's best to judge every horse as an idividual.
The answer to this question is not an exact science. Every horse has its own personality. But I hope that this helps a little.
Horses are grouped into three different "bloods"
-Hot bloods.
-Warm bloods.
-Cold bloods.
Now hot bloods are known for being energetic and competitive. Energetic is not a bad thing to have in a horse. But its not really for the beginner.
Warm bloods are quite often used for trail riding. And there "attitude" can very by breed or just by individual. Its hard to tell sometimes.
And finally the cold bloods. These horses are usually calm, -and very strong. They are used mostly for farming. And do a very good job at it.
(I personally remember this by- "hot is hot and cool is laid back.")
As to any one breed its hard to say. But the two that have stuck out for me are:
The Gypsy horse -and- the donkey (both well known for there exceptional behavior with children!)
Clydesdales have been scientifically proven to be the calmest breed, believe it or not. Their huge size helps them to remain so calm, and its drilled through the horses brain and thats also why they carried royal carriages.