Besides just a A, the letters AY are the usual long A sound (bay, day). A silent E after a consonant will often give the A a long sound (came, date).
Other letters that can have the long A sound are:
A words - able, anal, apiary, aviation (2)
AI words - fail, maid, plain
EA words - great, steak
EI words - veil, vein, beige
EY words - obey, trey, they
EIGH words - weigh, weight, neighbor
From French:
ET/ IT - buffet, cachet, chalet, crochet, filet, sachet, sorbet, parfait
QUE/ QUET (kay) - risque, bouquet, croquet
E / EE / ER - cliche, passe, soiree, toupee, dossier
and rarely AE as in caeca (kay-kuh)
The letters "y" and "o" make the long I sound in the word "typhoon."
The letters U and Y together make the vowel sound. By itself, Y usually has the sound of a long I, but in this case the word buy has collected a U from its Middle English form bycgan and is differentiated from the homophone word , which is by.
In the word "plight," the letters "i" and "g" have the long "i" sound.
The letters "ou" make the "f" sound in the word "rough."
The beginning of the word "easy" There are two long E sounds in the word 'easy'. The diphthong ea has a long E sound, and so does the letter y.
The letters OA make the long O sound in goal
The letters "y" and "o" make the long I sound in the word "typhoon."
The second A has a long A sound. In the homophone "aweigh" it is the EIGH or more specifically the EI that has the long A sound.
oa
The letters U and Y together make the vowel sound. By itself, Y usually has the sound of a long I, but in this case the word buy has collected a U from its Middle English form bycgan and is differentiated from the homophone word , which is by.
In the word "plight," the letters "i" and "g" have the long "i" sound.
The letters 'c' and 'z' make the 's' sound.:)
The OW pair in "lower" makes the long O (oh).
The letters "ou" make the "f" sound in the word "rough."
The O. The same sound is made in the past tense verb tolled, with a silent E.
The beginning of the word "easy" There are two long E sounds in the word 'easy'. The diphthong ea has a long E sound, and so does the letter y.
The letters "ti" in the word "caution" make the "sh" sound.