Yes, you should capitalize the words "English" and "History" in this context as they are specific subjects in this case.
only if you put quotation markes on each side
Yes, the words "History" and "Philosophy" should be capitalized when used as proper nouns or when referring to the academic disciplines.
Yes, President is a title just like professor. Its acceptable to not capitalize these words when they are not describing someone. EX: the history professor is really difficult. But when it is not a noun, and is however, a pronoun you should capitalize it. With the exception of President and Doctor. These should for the most part always capitalized.
In a title, you should capitalize the first letter of each major word: nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. Articles, conjunctions, and prepositions are usually not capitalized unless they are the first word in the title.
No
Yes, you should capitalize the words "English" and "History" in this context as they are specific subjects in this case.
only if you put quotation markes on each side
Yes, the words "History" and "Philosophy" should be capitalized when used as proper nouns or when referring to the academic disciplines.
It was probably a captain of industry, not a captain of history, but in either case, it is not necessary to capitalize.
Yes. Since it is considered a historic event you have to capitalize it.
To become a teacher, you will have to major in education. You can always minor in history. That should help you get a history teaching position.
No because it is not specific it wouldn't be capitalized because you can say. I ate a cat. What type of specific cat? The name of the cat should be capitalized!
Yes, because it is a specific type of history.
Yes, you should capitalize the C in Century.
Yes, President is a title just like professor. Its acceptable to not capitalize these words when they are not describing someone. EX: the history professor is really difficult. But when it is not a noun, and is however, a pronoun you should capitalize it. With the exception of President and Doctor. These should for the most part always capitalized.
No, you should not. You should only capitalize a word when it is at the start of a sentence or when it is a proper noun.