It can be either. The preposition except is followed by the exception noun(s).
The conjunction except is normally followed by "that."
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"Except" can function as a conjunction introducing a clause that excludes something, or as a preposition indicating exclusion or exception.
which of these words is not a preposition past since join and except
No, "unless" is a conjunction, not a preposition. It is used to introduce a condition in which an action will not occur.
"But" can be used as a conjunction to connect two clauses or as a preposition to show contrast.
The word "except" can be a preposition: "Everyone went home from school except me." a conjunction: "Everyone except me went home from school." an idiom: "I would have gone home except for detention." or a verb: "The teacher will except those students in detention from going home."
The word "but" is a coordinating conjunction when used to contrast different ideas in a sentence. However, when it can be replaced with "except," it functions as a preposition indicating exclusion.