The new rules imposed by management are very restrictive, limiting our flexibility in how we approach our work.
Use a comma before "where" when it introduces a non-restrictive clause (provides additional, non-essential information) and omit the comma when "where" introduces a restrictive clause (essential for the sentence's meaning). For example, "I went to the park, where I often walk my dog" (non-restrictive) vs. "I will meet you at the park where we first met" (restrictive).
In restrictive clauses, use 'that' to define a specific characteristic or condition of the noun being referred to. Use 'which' in non-restrictive clauses to provide additional information that is not essential to the meaning of the sentence.
"That" is used for essential or restrictive clauses that are necessary to the meaning of the sentence, while "which" is used for non-essential or non-restrictive clauses that provide additional information but are not crucial to the sentence's meaning. Examples: "I like the book that you recommended" (essential) and "The book, which was published last year, is a bestseller" (non-essential).
The comma typically goes before "which" when it introduces a non-restrictive clause in a sentence. For example: "The cat, which was black, jumped onto the couch." If the clause is essential to the meaning of the sentence, then no comma is needed.
The new rules imposed by management are very restrictive, limiting our flexibility in how we approach our work.
Use commas to set off nonrestrictive elements. Do not use commas to set off restrictive elements. A restrictive element defines or limits the meaning of the word it modifies and is therefore essential to the meaning of the sentence.
There is a subtle but important difference between the use of that and which in a sentence, and it has to do primarily with relevance. Grammarians often use the terms "restrictive" and "non-restrictive" when it comes to relative clauses. A relative clause provides additional information about the noun it describes, but it may be considered relevant or irrelevant to the overall point of the sentence. In other words, a restrictive relative clause, which often begins with that, is usually considered essential or restrictive. Relative clauses beginning with which may contain non-essential information and would be considered non-restrictive.Or simply: Use which when it introduces a new clause in the same sentence. Use that when it begins a new sentence. Thus we say "You never know, which is why..." and we say "You never know. That is why..."
Use a comma before "where" when it introduces a non-restrictive clause (provides additional, non-essential information) and omit the comma when "where" introduces a restrictive clause (essential for the sentence's meaning). For example, "I went to the park, where I often walk my dog" (non-restrictive) vs. "I will meet you at the park where we first met" (restrictive).
In restrictive clauses, use 'that' to define a specific characteristic or condition of the noun being referred to. Use 'which' in non-restrictive clauses to provide additional information that is not essential to the meaning of the sentence.
A restrictive statement is one that keeps you from disclosing information. Sometimes lawyers will use restrictive statements to keep their clients safe.
"That" is used for essential or restrictive clauses that are necessary to the meaning of the sentence, while "which" is used for non-essential or non-restrictive clauses that provide additional information but are not crucial to the sentence's meaning. Examples: "I like the book that you recommended" (essential) and "The book, which was published last year, is a bestseller" (non-essential).
The comma typically goes before "which" when it introduces a non-restrictive clause in a sentence. For example: "The cat, which was black, jumped onto the couch." If the clause is essential to the meaning of the sentence, then no comma is needed.
"That". In a non-restrictive adjective clause, such as in the sentence: "He went to the Eiffel Tower, which is located in Paris." The non-restrictive adjective clause, "which is located in Paris", called non-restrictive because it does not serve to improve the identification of the Eiffel Tower or "restrict" the meaning of it, contains the adjective clause pronoun "which". The reader would know what the Eiffel Tower was referring to even without the adjective clause because there is only one Eiffel Tower. This is what makes the adjective clause non-restrictive - not improving the identification of the noun. One could not use "that" in place of "which" because "that" is only used to alter or restrict the meaning of the noun. Here is an example of a restrictive adjective clause using "that": "I went to the store that is on the corner of Sunset and Vine." In this sentence the adjective clause, "that is on the corner of Sunset and Vine", restricts which store we are referring to, to the one "that is on the corner of Sunset and Vine" and not the one on Main and Third Streets. Thus it is called a restrictive clause. In restrictive clauses, one can use "that" and any of the other adjective clause pronouns: who, whom, which, where, when.
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Use a comma before "which" when it introduces a non-restrictive clause (adds extra information but is not essential to the sentence's meaning), and do not use a comma when "which" introduces a restrictive clause (essential to the sentence's meaning).
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