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The decision on which phoneme is standard and which are its allophones depends on the distribution of sounds in a language. If two sounds do not contrast in a way that changes the meaning of a word, they are likely allophones of the same phoneme. Analyzing minimal pairs and complementary distribution can help identify the standard phoneme and its allophones.

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Q: How decide which phoneme is standard and others are its allophons?
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Do all languages make the same phoneme distinctions?

No, different languages have different phoneme distinctions based on their unique phonetic inventory and phonological rules. For example, some languages may have more vowel sounds while others may distinguish between different types of consonant sounds.


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I'm not aware of a concept known as the "phoneme tent", but if you are asking which phonemes (distinct sound units) constitute the word 'tent', then the answer would be 4 -- the consonant 't', the vowel 'e' and the constonants 'n' and 't'. In this case, as with many others, the number of letters in the word happens to match the number of phonemes, but in reality spelling does not in any way determine the number of phonemes, because certain phonemes, for instance, consist of two letters, such as 'sh' or 'th', when in fact they both represent only one phoneme between the two of them.


What is the etymology of 'standard'?

The term "standard" originates from the Old French word "estendart," meaning a flag or emblem that represents a group or cause. Over time, it evolved to refer to a rule or guideline against which others are measured.


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Advantages of standard English include clear communication and acceptance in formal settings. Disadvantages may include reinforcing linguistic biases and exclusion of diverse language varieties.


Using one set of criteria to judge others and another set of criteria to judge another is called?

Using one set of criteria to judge others and another set of criteria to judge another is called hypocrisy. It involves holding different standards for different people or situations, often leading to inconsistency.

Related questions

Do all languages make the same phoneme distinctions?

No, different languages have different phoneme distinctions based on their unique phonetic inventory and phonological rules. For example, some languages may have more vowel sounds while others may distinguish between different types of consonant sounds.


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What is the phoneme tent?

I'm not aware of a concept known as the "phoneme tent", but if you are asking which phonemes (distinct sound units) constitute the word 'tent', then the answer would be 4 -- the consonant 't', the vowel 'e' and the constonants 'n' and 't'. In this case, as with many others, the number of letters in the word happens to match the number of phonemes, but in reality spelling does not in any way determine the number of phonemes, because certain phonemes, for instance, consist of two letters, such as 'sh' or 'th', when in fact they both represent only one phoneme between the two of them.


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