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Yes
The first U.S. Tax Court was established in 1924, and named "U.S. Board of Tax Appeals." Later, in 1942, it was re-named the United States Tax Court.
Article ONE
Yes, the US Tax Court hears certain tax-related civil cases initiated either by the IRS or by the taxpayer. Civil cases in which the taxpayer is suing for a refund of overpaid taxes are heard in US District Court.
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No. The US Tax Court is overseen by the Department of the Treasury, part of the Executive Branch of government, but it was established under Congress' authority in Article I of the Constitution.
If its IRS, then that's Federal and the Federal Courts handle that. If its state taxes, then the state courts handle that one. Each jurisdiction has their own laws pertaining to the taxes.
Yes. The US Tax Court hears cases initiated by the IRS as well as challenges brought by taxpayers. If the taxpayer is bringing suit for a refund of taxes already paid, the case is heard in US District Court.
AnswerChallenges by U.S. taxpayers to IRS assessments in situations in which the taxpayer doesn't pay the tax until a determination of the court is made. (The U.S. District Court hears them when the taxpayer pays the tax and sues for a refund.)AnswerChallenges to the US Tax Codes by taxpayers whose appeals to the tax collecting agencies of government have been rejected.