You may use copyright protected material when you are the copyright holder, or when you have permission from the rightsholder or an exemption in the law. The most notable exemption is fair use or fair dealing, which allows certain limited unlicensed uses in situations such as education and commentary.
Fair use is an exemption to copyright law; using it carries no penalties.
If your use would not be considered fair, ask the copyright holder for permission, in writing, and be specific.
Geoffrey Crabb has written: 'The use of satellites by education' 'The production of software for distribution in EEC countries' 'Copyright agreements between employers and staff in education' -- subject(s): Copyright and audio-visual education, Copyright, Employees' 'Copyright clearance' -- subject(s): Copyright and audio-visual education, Fair use (Copyright)
Included in the copyright law is the notion of "fair use," which allows certain specific unlicensed uses such as this. See the link below for a good discussion of copyright and fair use in the classroom.
They're not the same. Copyright is the ability of the owner of the rights in a work to prohibit certain uses of a work. Fair use is the ability of someone to legally use a copyrighted work for certain limited purposes without permission of the copyright owner.
Infringement is the use, without permission, of copyrighted material that does not fall under a "fair use" or other exception to copyright law,
Copyright law is US Code Title 17, and fair use is section 107 of it.
Fair use is a small part of copyright law that allows certain unlicensed uses of protected works. If you use protected works, without a license, in a manner not addressed by the fair use clause (in other words, if your use is not fair), your use would be infringing. Copyright infringement is punishable by fines ranging from $750 to $30,000.
Unless your use falls under one of the exceptions to copyright protection (such as "fair use") the safe answer is... none.
Bruce A. Lehman has written: 'The Conference on Fair Use' -- subject(s): Conference on Fair Use, Fair use (Copyright), Information superhighway, Law and legislation
Aneeta Brown has written: 'Copyright law for the church' -- subject(s): Church newsletters, Copyright infringement, Fair use (Copyright)