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The main difference is laid in the cause of each situations. In bankruptcy, the major reason is that the company is unable to pay its debt at maturity so that the creditors petition for bankruptcy in order to recoup their debt. In liquidation or wind-up, it means that the company was brought to termination. The are many grounds for liquidation, such as the company unable to pay its debt (compulsory liquidation) or its member agree to terminate its activities ( voluntary liquidation).

Please Note:

There is also a difference between "Winding-up" and "Liquidation".

Winding-up:

It is a process / procedure by which assets of the company are realized and liabilities are settled. It may take several months. A liquidator is appointed to do all these activities. In essence, liquidator is the full in-charge of the company's affairs. The company still exists with its legal status as a company, but it cannot conduct its business (except required for beneficial winding-up of affairs).

Liquidation / Dissolution:

When all the assets of the company are completely realized and all liabilities are completely settled, and affair of the company are fully wound up, the company is liquidated. This is the end of the company's life. After liquidation, the company dies; it has no legal existence, no assets, no liabilities, no management, and nothing else. In pure legal terms, this is called "Dissolution".

"Liquidation" is also used, alternatively, when a company becomes unable to pay its debts. Then, it is said that the company is liquidated.

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Q: What is the different between bankruptcy and liquidation?
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