It's a measure of the strength of the bolt. The strength is measured using what's called a grade. In this case, you have a grade 8 bolt. The higher the number, the stronger the bolt.
If you mean a bolt with a head size of 24mm (M16) then the recommended torque setting will be 210Nm but if you mean a head size of 36mm (M24) then the recommended setting will be 710Nm.
It has Head problems.... if it has a casting number of 706 on the top end of the head, then have the head pressure tested. It cracks in the #1 head bolt hole area.
It has a 36mm head and is 7.5 inches long.
Did you mean the bolts for the cylinder head, or possibly the flywheel/flexplate bolts, or the bellhousing bolts. Thanks for the well-worded question. ^^^^^Idiot right there^^^^^ Sarcastic too. 99% of the time when someone asks bolt pattern, they mean the number of lugs and size of the bolt circle on a wheel of a car. In this case, the bolt pattern of a '78 Granada is 4 X 4.25" or 4 X 108mm.
It signifies the grade of a bolt. For a load bearing bolt where it's failure could cause injury or damage, you should use a high grade bolt. 5-9 are higher grades.
You can over-torque a bolt and you may not know it. But you can damage the bolt in several ways that may be visible. 1. The threads will be stripped or sheared away. 2. The bolt will be permanently stretched so it is longer than it originally was. 3. The head of the bolt may be twisted or the corners of the bolt head rounded off. High strength bolts are marked on the head with symbols that indicate the strength of the bolt. You should know what type bolt you are using and its application. Just because it is made of Steel, that does not mean it will have sufficient strength for some applications.
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An allen bolt is a bolt with a head that requires an allen key to turn it.