Why is Spain with three different law enforcement systems considered centralized?
I believe you are asking if their law enforcement system is
centralized? Yes, and no. Having been born and raised in Spain,
there are generally three different law enforcement
departments/agencies present in every area, the centralized one, or
better National Police (Policia Nacional), has jurisdiction in all
autonomous communities and provinces within them, as does the Civil
Guard (Guardia Civil) which has a more paramilitary role to include
drug enforcement and national security, and also usually enforces
infrastructural area such as travel stations and the national
highway system. The Guardia Civil also mostly issues citations.
Local police, or Policia Local, are the local police departments of
incorporated cities, towns and/or municipalities and share
jurisdiction with the former two, however cannot carry out
enforcement beyond their localities.