DoD may use them; if they are used, they only have limited pecuniary liability.
14
No. The US District Courts are trial courts (original jurisdiction) of general jurisdiction under most circumstances, although they do occasionally hear appeals of federal departmental decisions made by Administrative Law Judges.
The expression is nobody is above the law.
The current Federal Republic of Germany is a limited government since the officers in that government are accountable to the laws of Germany and all international / EU agreements that Germany has signed. Should a German Chancellor violate the law, he or she will be tried in a court of law, just like any other citizen.
A federal law.
A federal law wins.
Federal supremacy establishes that federal law supercedes all state and local law. Federal supremacy establishes that federal law supercedes all state and local law.
It is the principle that all citizens and institutions are subject to and accountable to by law, that is fairly applied and enforced
Copyright law is a federal law, granted in the Constitution.
State law can be more detailed than federal law, but cannot conflict with federal law. Therefore, a state law cannot determine that a federal law is invalid. The state would have to, instead challenge the federal law as an unconstitutional intrusion on state rights.
Any law passed by the federal government, as opposed to the states, would be considered a federal law.