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Government of India Act of 1858

This act was passed following the British crown's taking over the governance of India from the English East India Company. It was dominated by absolute imperial control with no representation for the people of India. Over the next few decades the nationalist would campaign for reforms and this would result in the passage of several Government of India acts, which slowly began giving the Indians a role in the governance of their own country. This act established the basic government structure which the British would follow till the end of their rule. India was to be governed by a Secretary of State for India ( a member of the British cabinet) who would be assisted by a Council of fifteen members (who were known as the Council of India). The above mentioned posts were held solely by Englishmen who were based in London. The representative of the British crown in India was the Viceroy, and an Executive council, once again made up solely of Englishmen.

The main features of the Government of India act of 1858 were:

-The country would be administered in a unitary fashion, with total centralization. Although the country was divided into provinces, which had their own governors and executive councils, they had very little autonomy and were merely representatives of the central government and had to follow all directions received from them.

-The military, judiciary, executive and legislature were not independent and were all controlled by the Viceroy who was responsible to the Secretary of State for India.

- The Secretary of State was the supreme authority and had a free hand in the administration of India and was responsible only to the British parliament.[ MALIK AAMIR ] pattan baramulla

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Q: Merit and demerit of government of India act 1935?
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