Heinz does not have copyright on the word Heinz, but it does have a trademark on the name.
Nobody owns the copyright of a single word. Perhaps you mean trademark.
Individual words do not qualify for copyright protection, and there is no trademark registered with that word.
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No
No. It is not copyrightable in that form, and the Tolkien Estate did not trademark it. Therefore anyone is free to use the word, and indeed it does appear in many other sources.
A trademark is a word, phrase, symbol, and/or design that identifies and distinguishes the source of the goods of one party from those of others. A service mark is a word, phrase, symbol, and/or design that identifies and distinguishes the source of a service rather than goods. Some examples include brand names, slogans, and logos. The term "trademark" is often used in a general sense to refer to both trademarks and service marks.
The word transcription or to transcribe speak to the act of copying writing. The "theft" of someone's writing is plagerism, and to plagiarize is to copy word for word, or with a few minor changes, the ideas of another author.
Short phrases cannot be protected by copyright, but there are several registered trademarks for that phrase.
Words and short phrases cannot be protected by copyright. However HeadSpace is a registered trademark of HeadSpace Meditation LTD PLC.
"Wiki" is a Hawaiian word meaning "fast." Individual words cannot be protected by copyright.
A single word cannot be protected by copyright. As a product name, it can be protected by trademark law. In the US, there are no registered trademarks for the word "gream."